ABSTRACT
BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES@#Tibetan tea is a kind of dark tea, due to the inherent complexity of natural products, the chemical composition and beneficial effects of Tibetan tea are not fully understood. The objective of this study was to unravel the composition of Tibetan tea using knowledge-guided multilayer network (KGMN) techniques and explore its potential antioxidant and hypolipidemic mechanisms in mice.MATERIALS/METHODS: The C57BL/6J mice were continuously gavaged with Tibetan tea extract (T group), green tea extract (G group) and ddH 2 O (H group) for 15 days. The activity of total antioxidant capacity (T-AOC) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) in mice was detected.Transcriptome sequencing technology was used to investigate the molecular mechanisms underlying the antioxidant and lipid-lowering effects of Tibetan tea in mice. Furthermore, the expression levels of liver antioxidant and lipid metabolism related genes in various groups were detected by the real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) method. @*RESULTS@#The results showed that a total of 42 flavonoids are provisionally annotated in Tibetan tea using KGMN strategies. Tibetan tea significantly reduced body weight gain and increased T-AOC and SOD activities in mice compared with the H group. Based on the results of transcriptome and qPCR, it was confirmed that Tibetan tea could play a key role in antioxidant and lipid lowering by regulating oxidative stress and lipid metabolism related pathways such as insulin resistance, P53 signaling pathway, insulin signaling pathway, fatty acid elongation and fatty acid metabolism. @*CONCLUSIONS@#This study was the first to use computational tools to deeply explore the composition of Tibetan tea and revealed its potential antioxidant and hypolipidemic mechanisms, and it provides new insights into the composition and bioactivity of Tibetan tea.
ABSTRACT
Abstract: Epilepsy is one of the most common neurological disorders, affecting approximately 50 million people worldwide. Medications are still the most common therapeutic choice for seizure control. In clinical practice anti-epileptic drugs that were licensed before valproate are called traditional antiepileptic drugs while those licensed after valproate are called new generation antiepileptic drugs
Objective: To compare the efficacy of sustained release formulation of valproate and topiramate monotherapy for control of epilepsy in elliptic patients. Study design: Randomized controlled trial. Setting: OPD, Medical Department, Allied hospital Faisalabad. Duration of study: 6 months duration after approval of synopsis from 30-07-2015 to 30-11-2015
Methodology: Patients with definite diagnosis of epilepsy with generalized tonic clonic seizures between 13 to 17 years of both genders were recruited from medical ward and OPD who fulfilled the inclusion were enrolled in the study. After approval from hospital ethical review committee. Informed consent was taken from each participant of the study. Patients were divided randomly into group A and group B using computer generated random number table. Group A was given sustained released formulation of valproate 500mg once a day and titrated up with weekly increments of 250mg/per day up to maximum of 2000mg/day in two divided doses to control seizures. Group B was given topiramate 25mg twice daily and titrated up in increments of 50 mg weekly to control seizures up to a maximum of 800 mg per day in 2 divided doses. Follow up was done by telephonic contact by asking about control of generalized tonic clonic seizures. Data was collected through self-conducted interviews using a standardized proforma. Efficacy was measured in terms of control of seizures
Results: In our study out of 330 cases, 165 in each group, 41.82%[n=69] in group-A and 40%[n=66] group-B were between 13-40 years of age while 58.18%[n=96] in group-A and 60%[n=99] in group-B were between 41-70 years of age ,mean was calculated as 41.79 +/- 10.66 and 42.12 +/- 10.37 years, 61.21%[n=101] in group-A and 54.55%[n=90] in group-B were male while 38.79%[n=64] in group-A and 45.45%[n=75] in group-B were females. Comparison of efficacy in both groups shows that 39.39%[n=65] in group-A AND 25.45%9[n=42] in group-B were treated effectively, p value was calculated as 0.006 showing a significant difference
Conclusion: We concluded that the efficacy of sustained release formulation of valproate is significantly higher when compared topiramate monotherapy for control of epilepsy in epileptic patients
ABSTRACT
To have an overview of combat trauma experience at Forward Treatment Centre during Swat Operation. Descriptive study. Forward Treatment Centre of a medical battalion in Swat from Jan 2009 to August 2009. All battle casualties of different age groups operated under general anaesthesia were included in the study. Surgeries performed under local anaesthesia were excluded. Relevant information was recorded in specially prepared proforma. Two hundred and sixty eight surgeries were performed under general anaesthesia over the course of eight months. Twenty two [8.2%] were officers, 12 [4.5%] JCOs and 234 [87.3%] were soldiers. Majority of the casualities were between 20 -30 years of age [86%]. 73.9% of the casualities reached Forward Treatment Centre within 4 hours while 3.3% reached after 24 hrs. Most of the patients sustained injuries due to bullets [50.7%] and splinters [39.9%]. Most of the patients were putting on bullet proof jackets at the time of injury and sustained injuries to the limbs [237/268, 88.4%]. Blood transfusion was carried out in 32 [11.9%] cases. Fifteen [5.6%] cases required less than two and 17 [6.3%] cases required more than two units of blood transfusion. Most of the casualities were sustained by younger age group and were caused by bullets and splinters. Majority of the injuries were sustained on the limbs and less on the chest and abdomen. Blood transfusion and timely evacuation to a Forward Treatment Centre providing effective trauma surgical care to combat casualities saved a number of lives
Subject(s)
Humans , Armed Conflicts , Anesthesia, General , Prospective StudiesABSTRACT
Foreign bodies of upper aerodigestive tract in young children are frequently encountered by ENT specialists due to their peculiar habit of putting objects in their mouth. We report a case of foreign body nasopharynx that remained undiagnosed for a long time despite multiple visits to general and ENT OPD's with complaints of complete nasal obstruction and history of foreign body ingestion by a child. A radio-opaque foreign body of the nasopharynx was revealed on X-ray and removed per orally under general anaesthesia resulting in complete resolution of symptoms. The physician must have a high index of suspicion, particularly for persistent symptoms and necessitates further investigation before making diagnosis of a case of rhinosinusitis or empirically prescribing antibiotics